Pets and Puberty: A Guide for Owners and Breeders

Understanding Myeloma In Cats

Myeloma, also known as bone marrow cancer, is a serious illness that can affect cats of any age, but it most often occurs in the second half of their life. Plasma cells in the bone marrow produce an antibody that is used to fight disease, but these cells can clump together to form tumours and mutate to become malignant. Myeloma can be fatal, particularly when it's not treated early, and as it weakens your cat's immune system, it leaves them at risk of developing other illnesses. Here's an overview of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment approach for myeloma in cats:

Symptoms

It's not understood why some cats develop myeloma, but there's thought to be a hereditary component involved. Symptoms of the condition are dependent on the extent of the disease, but myeloma does cause protein in the blood to increase, which can lead to kidney damage. Cancerous cells can also spread to your cat's organs, which can make the disease more difficult to treat. Other symptoms of myeloma in cats include increased thirst and urination, loss of appetite, muscle weakness, lethargy and full or partial paralysis. Your cat may also experience bleeding from their gastrointestinal tract, and as the disease progresses, they can develop dementia.

Diagnosis And Treatment Approach

Your vet will take details of your cat's symptoms and conduct a full physical exam. Blood and urine tests will be utilised to check for raised inflammatory markers and to rule out other conditions that cause similar symptoms and check whether your cat is dehydrated. An X-ray can be arranged to identify the presence of bone lesions, which are often present with myeloma, and an ultrasound scan will allow your vet to check the condition of your cat's internal organs.

It is possible to treat myeloma with radiation therapy, and your cat will be admitted to the vet surgery as an in-patient for at least some of their treatment period. If your cat has developed a bacterial infection due to their immune system being compromised, they will require antibiotics. Small lesions can sometimes be surgically removed, but this will depend on a number of factors, such as where the lesion is located and whether there's evidence of the cancerous cells spreading to nearby organs. Additionally, intravenous fluids will be administered if your cat has dehydration, and those with kidney damage will require a change in diet to reduce their protein intake.  

If your cat is experiencing symptoms associated with myeloma, schedule an appointment with a vet as soon as possible.